Biphasic calcium phosphate microspheres in biomedical applications

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) microspheres benefit from, on the one hand, a desired shape offering improved flowability and injectability to fill complex-shaped bone defects and on the other hand, a promising combination of bioresorbability, bioactivity, biocompatibility, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The biofunctional characteristics of BCP microspheres are mainly controlled by varying the constitute phase ratio, porosity and surface roughness, which are all determined by the used production route and its parameters. In this paper, the manufacturing methods, properties and applications of BCP microspheres are reviewed and concluded in terms of future work directions to develop their uses in biomedicine, particularly in bone tissue regenerative and delivery applications.